Pied Beauty free essay sample

Remark intently on the accompanying sonnet, talking about how compelling the artist shows his deference for nature. Pied Beauty by Gerard Manley Hopkins 611 words at the outset, God made the sky and the Earth and the entirety of its scenes. Gerard Manly Hopkins seriously shows his reverence and esteem of nature, with it being his fundamental topic, in â€Å"Pied Beauty†. Through assorted and powerful employments of structure, symbolism and imagery he grandstands his affection for the world. Above all else, when taking a gander at the structure and arrangement of the sonnet, it intently takes after that of a supplication appeared by the one verse group, the â€Å"Glory be to God† presentation and the â€Å"Praise him† end. Hopkins presents the idea of deism so right off the bat since his attitude of nature being so rich and ? awless persuades that solitary heavenly mediation could have made something so satisfying. The musicality present in the sonnet never loses its moderate, delicate ? ow, utilizing just two full stops in the whole sonnet, to reenact the air of a quiet scene in nature. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pied Beauty or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Besides, the whole sonnet paints pictures spread over the entire shading range. From â€Å"brinded cow† to â€Å"rose-moles† to even â€Å"? recoal[s]† and â€Å"chestnut[s]† Hopkins’ utilization of symbolism makes a lovely magnum opus of different tints that re? ects his view of nature. Hopkins utilizes masterful terms, for example, â€Å"dappled†, not on the grounds that he was a painter at that point, yet in addition since he needed to pass on the charm of all thing. Indeed, even the generally unappealing dairy animals is attracted a positive light being portrayed as that of â€Å"couple-colour† and being â€Å"brinded† with it’s special spots. This ‘collage’ that Hopkins makes interfaces back to the possibility of an obscure, prevalent being making everything awesome. Much like how he painted as a side interest, Hopkins depicts God as a craftsman producing the entirety of nature. Penultimately, with language, for example, anaphora and sibilance, just as other sound gadgets, Hopkins makes a pace and tone ? tting for nature. Utilizing numerous fricatives like â€Å"fold, decrepit, and plough† he manufactures a scaffold between these things of nature and goes along with them indicating that everything is exceptional yet interconnected simultaneously for instance â€Å"? kle, freckled† and â€Å"fresh-? recoals†. Likewise, with sibilance, for example, â€Å"swift, slow; sweet, sour†, Hopkins keeps up the pace of the sonnet and uses delicate â€Å"s† sounds to correspond to nature’s delicate character. Just as this, the endings of all lines are loose and lengthened in order to show the absence of forcefullness: for example, â€Å"plough†. In conclusion, the imagery of the untamed life utilized in â€Å"Pied Beauty† shows the assortment of glory that Hopkins finds in nature. At the point when he discusses the differentiating â€Å"fresh-? recoal† and â€Å"chestnut-falls† he talks about the unpredictable pattern of life on the planet. The ready chestnuts speak to all trees and foliage and the ? recoal represents the possible death of all plant matter. The sparkles of new? recoals likewise speaks to the tenderness of even the most risky components of nature further accentuating the benevolent demeanor of the world. Just as ? re and vegetation, Hopkins utilizes the ? nch as a portrayal of the opportunity on Earth. Flying creatures, much like ? sh and even trees, develop and proceed onward their own agreement because of the cheerful aura of nature. Also, Hopkins, as a human, obviously appreciates the immense territories of the planet and the freedom that accompanies it. Through utilization of variety impacts, for example, language, it shows that Gerard Manley Hopkins communicates genuine appreciation for nature. However, for what reason should the writer underscore his profound respect for this planet so extraordinarily? After some time, humankind has wandered from the way of nature and underestimated the assets Mother Earth has talented us. Humanity will die should we wind up annihilating what is lovely on the planet.

Behaviorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Behaviorists - Essay Example As indicated by Guthrie such change could be accomplished if an individual is resolved to supplant the old conduct with something new. This could be accomplished utilizing his proposed strategies to incorporate the limit means, fatigue, and inconsistent reaction approach. Guthrie’s thought of edge modification expresses that conduct of an individual can change if the improvement is powerless or could be endured. For example, individuals who smoke may not be inspired to puff a cigarette on the off chance that he can enjoy lessening the quantity of sticks a day until in the long run he would suffer not to smoke. The limit technique is additionally strengthened through derailing. This is staying away from the prompts that may urge bothersome conduct (Olson and Hergenhahn, 2009, for example, keeping away from companions who smoke. Another accommodating system is embracing the depletion component which recommends redundancy of the propensity until the individual feels the anguish o f exhaustion. A model is let the individual smoke until he hacks or become ill. Such response to smoking propensity empowers him to at last surrender the propensity. Similarly significant technique is the utilization of contrary reaction. Permitting the individual to bite gum helps manufacture the connection between the propensity to smoke and the alleviation from smoking. In spite of the proposed strategies above, propensities are difficult to break. This is ascribed to the natural neural pathways included.

Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders

Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders Being a leader is not as easy as most people think. There is a lot on the line, and you have to think of every possible negative or positive outcome in order to finish the given assignments.Having said that, being a good leader is a trait most people become aware of earlier in their lives and then further develop those skills to become better.However, for every 3 good leaders, there must also come 5 leaders who do not show much-needed leadership skills and thus beg the question “why are they leaders” to come up in spectators’ minds.Furthermore, the characteristics that make them incompetent is what also makes them being more bosses than leaders, the distinction between those two is that former is all about the job being done without any creative or any other input or help, while the latter is one that would help the team, be supportive and a guide to all the new and experienced colleagues, and teach them as well as learn from them.In further text, in addition to a kind of a psy chological analysis of these leaders, you will also find out more about which traits these “incompetent” leaders all share, a mini analysis of each and every one of those traits, and which ones are better suited for a better leader instead, as well as some factors that might affect these bad traits that are grounded in most of the “incompetent” type of leaders. NARCISSISM AS CAUSE AND THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIPThe key weakness of every incompetent leader is their narcissism.Basically, self-admiration is never something that is an indication of good leadership. It is considered a serious issue that can have a huge negative impact on the workplace, and the whole team, which can lead to counterproductive work.It is not very difficult to spot a narcissistic person. Among other things, a narcissistic colleague or leader will only express loyalty towards himself or herself and their own agenda, ignoring the needs of their subordinates, putting their own interests before the interest s of the collective.NARCISSISM AS A DRIVING FORCE OF MODERN DAYS LEADERSThe key weakness of every incompetent leader is their narcissism.Basically, self-admiration is rarely a trait that indicates good leadership.It is considered to be a serious issue that can have a huge negative impact on the workplace, and the whole team, which can lead to counterproductive work.It is not very difficult to spot a narcissistic person.Among other things, a narcissistic colleague or leader will only express loyalty towards himself or herself and their own agenda, ignoring the needs of his subordinates, putting their personal interests before the interests of the collective.However, being a narcissist can result in a certain charismatic appeal that these people often have.Thats why there are tons of tutorials on how to deal with them because people need to be coached to confront them effectively.The thing is that Narcissism or Narcissistic Personality Disorder is classified as a mental disorder by th e American Psychiatric Association.In order to get better, the person has to be self-aware and aware of their surroundings and various detriments that behavior causes, and be willing to focus on their subordinates more than on their own image and personal needs.However, narcissists are already self-aware to a great level.Thats what causes them to perfect themselves in all the manners that they can think of.Their agenda, after all, is perfection because theyre so obsessed with themselves.These are highly intelligent individuals who can often fool the shrewdest of the psychiatrists.You can imagine how such a person can easily climb the corporate ladder and succeed in anything, however, the length of their run will not be satisfactory. As for the person in charge, becoming a leader is not a difficult task for a narcissistic person.Having that goal already in mind from the beginning, the narcissistic leader knows how to talk their way into anything.That high levels of confidence that a narcissistic person has is the thing that allows them to talk their way to a higher position in the work chain, coupled with the fact that the person will always have a high and mighty view of themselves, thinking that it deserves to be at the top, no matter whether they are up to the task or not.LACK OF EMPATHYS PART IN THE EFFICIENCYEmpathy is a characteristic which embodies the capacity to understand others’ feelings the moment they experience them, or in layman’s terms: to put yourself in another’s position.One can immediately see why lacking this skill is detrimental for the leader and their team of colleagues.The lack of empathy in leaders can be a problem as such leaders see their team as mere machines.Some higher-ups like leaders who do not show emotions, as they are guaranteed to finish their assignments in time, without question, all while enforcing military-like discipline.That is why in some cases this trait is desirable in higher positions.These people also desire leadership positions because they link lack of empathy with discipline, and are sure that good results come from a disciplined and hard-working team.Lacking empathy, they are also not afraid to get what they want however they can, feeling no remorse if they step over other people along the way. That ruthlessness they possess is what drives them to go further and become a leader.Luckily, a lot of new companies try to reinforce empathy in their leadership, as they bring a boost in productivity, according to Dev Patnaik, writer of the 2009 book “Wired to Care”.CLOSE MINDEDNESS INSTEAD OF DISCIPLINEHaving a close-minded leader is one of the greatest challenges a workplace can have, and it can become a huge hurdle to jump over.A close-minded leader is considered to be the leader that is not open to any new ideas or constructive criticism to their own ideas.He/she does not welcome change and is reluctant to change their own beliefs or to alter their own knowledge and add to it.Furthe rmore, it is very difficult to change their opinions or sway them to a side other than theirs.If one is close-minded, the company is sure to suffer, as the influx of new solutions will be limited.You can improve the success of the organization by simply embracing new ideas, sharing plans with each and every member of your team. Close-minded people are usually not able to think in new ways, and become yes men.They strive to be in leadership positions because they are mostly obedient people who will not question anything, while always asking the superiors for advice on the next step.Being unwilling to learn anything new, they quickly decline to talk about new ideas and shut down any criticism the team might have, further establishing their position as an uncompromising leader.Another reason they might be ideal for the leadership positions is that they, always siding and concurring with the upper management, boost the managements egos by never questioning and challenging their opinions .The positive thing about this is that they are closely linked with the upper management and that if there ever comes a change of management, the close-minded will surely leave the position with the one who put him there.SELFISHNESS AS A MEANS OF SUCCESSThis characteristic is an umbrella-term for basically any action that the only one benefits from.This trait is the most destructive one encountered in the workplace as it destroys the atmosphere in the team, destroys the balance of workload, and causes the assignments to completely miss the desired mark.A selfish leader is more prone to withholding an important piece of information which could prove beneficial to the team, in order to bring it up at the meeting and look better than them.Furthermore, they do not like teaching others and providing the team with knowledge which could help fulfill the assignment.These kinds of people want to be leaders simply because they want to advance.They are psychologically wired to try to achieve t he most by doing the least and to bring others down to climb up.Obtaining leadership is, in their eyes, a necessity. They achieve that by simply taking all the credit for the colleagues’ investment, and building their career even higher up.They present themselves as good and capable workers, ready to tackle challenges and bring the corporation on the next level, the upper management sees their results and promotes them, unaware that the results were not their own merit.OVER-AMBITIOUSNESS AS A MANNER OF GETTING TO THE TOPThese two can be closely linked to the previous entry, as they can act as triggers for selfishness, but are complex enough to warrant a separate entry.A healthy dose of ambitiousness is the thing that drives us to do great things and achieve what we want. Sometimes that can evolve into an over-ambitiousness.The most dangerous in a leader is the point where he or she realizes that they want more, even though their abilities cannot follow.In that case, the leader can make impossible requests from his team.The second is the wish to distinguish themselves as competent.This wish for self distinction again might come from the surroundings and upbringing, meaning they want to prove to everybody else that they can become something more than they were as young.This wish is also dangerous for his surroundings as these leaders always feel the need to show themselves in the best light and show that they can go even further.The problem occurs if the leader is deemed incompetent, and still has the need to distinguish himself as a capable man.Here the need only comes in way of successfully doing the assignments, instead of stopping for a moment and thinking about the next step that could help the whole team, as well as the leader.A person who is over-ambitious has a natural tendency to strive for greatness, even though it seems impossible.An over-ambitious person does not see anything else but the highest position that, in their head, belongs to them.Having said that, it is pretty easy to say why this type of person is a leader: because all they want is to be leaders.They think they deserve better, even if they are doing an excellent job in a different position, they will not stay calm until they get promoted to the top spot.As for a person who wants to distinguish himself or herself, they share the same traits, just different psychological fuel.These leaders are there because they feel others think less of themselves and have a constant need to prove themselves to other people.They are in the leadership positions because the higher-ups have rewarded their hard work and dedication, however, these leaders climb the corporate ladder out of selfish reasons.OVERCONFIDENCE AS A TRAIT OF INCOMPETENT LEADERSHIPIf a leader is overconfident that everything will fall into place, but does not do anything to ensure that it will eventually fall into place, then that leader is not a good one.Overconfident leaders would more than occasionally take m ore work than their team can chew, which can either lead to a wake-up call for the leader, to take a minute and analyze himself or herself and their team, and prepare better for a future endeavor by relating back to this experience, or they can learn nothing, exhaust the team with impossible demands, and not move from square one.The latter is more common when talking about incompetent leaders.Those leaders that are overconfident always set the bar too high, even for themselves.That is how they become leaders. Their environment usually doesnt notice the fine nuances between being confident and overconfident.Overconfident people are usually promising the higher-ups that every project will be done, and they succeed because they surround themselves with good teams of people.They know how to achieve success, but they simply do not know how to manage time and resources, which in companies where the number of project goals fulfilled is the only measurement of success, is unimportant.They o ften think that past success means that future success is bound to happen and that a leadership position is just their previous position with bit more responsibilities and a better paycheck.That overconfidence is what makes them think that they would be great leaders which sometimes is enough for them to try and get to that leadership position.LACK OF SELF-AWARENESSThe self-awareness aspect is one of the most important characteristics that a healthy worker or a leader can have.Self-awareness is not only important because it gives you insight into who you are. It also enables you to easily develop other traits like honesty, humility, and confidence, but it can also make you aware of your weaknesses and help you better understand how to get rid of them.Leaders who lack self-awareness are most likely to be unable to further develop their skills, as they are unable to fully and truthfully analyze or criticize themselves.You have to be aware of your skills if you want to utilize them, yo u cannot overestimate your skills, because that way your failure is guaranteed.However, if you are fully aware of your and your team’s possibilities, then you are on the right track.Leaders who lack self-awareness are less likely to surround themselves with the like-minded, self-aware people, even though the performance of the whole team would be better when each and every member of the whole collective is aware of their strengths and weaknesses and take up parts of the assignments that are most suited for them, while learning more about other parts that are not their forte.The way and the reasons these people achieve leadership status is similar to the ones weve mentioned before.These types of people are usually rewarded for obedience more than for their skills.The difference is that they rarely are aware of it, and even if they are, they choose to stay in that position as long as they are able to.These people do not feel the need to become leaders, neither do they want to make t he best of it if they stumble upon the position; they just choose to keep the title and pray that the minimum amount of knowledge they have will help them stay a bit longer in the position.In laymans terms, these leaders are just there because they have been given the opportunity, and they often do not care for that position as our other entries. Source: hbr.orgSOCIETYS ROLE IN THE INAUGURATION OF INCOMPETENT INDIVIDUALSIt is important to keep in mind that you should always strive to be a leader who will do their best to support the teams that work under the leader.Being supportive and a guide to all is what makes you not only a competent leader but a successful one who cares about his or her team members.In the text the most important aspects of an incompetent leader are talked about, although there are most certainly many other characteristics that may or may not deserve a spot in this text, these ones are the most common ones that can be seen in every aspect of life, and that are most commonly seen in people in leadership positions.If you have read this text and have found yourself in some of the entries, do not fall into despair, there are always ways to improve yourself as long as you are willing to do such a thing.Having said all this, one must be aware that, in the end, being a leader does not fully depend on having th ese characteristics, a significant portion of one becoming a leader comes from the surroundings’ acceptance of the said person.The surroundings meaning the people, who surround the said individual and shape the person in a certain image, can see certain person’s achievements as something amazing or as something that could have been achieved with greater ease.For an example: achieving something by taking a hard and long way full of learning curves and lessons can be seen as an excellent milestone by some, but in other people’s view, if a shorter and “lesson free” exists, our up and coming leader is crazy not to take it.To put it short, the system of beliefs of the future leaders is instilled with by the surroundings is what makes him incompetent or competent, hard-working fool or zero experienced embodiment of success.That is why a healthy proportion of the incompetence of the higher-ups can be put on society.We will cover how can societys teachings shape a human being into being a bad leader in further writing of the text.SOCIETY AS A WHOLEBefore talking about concrete things that mold our way of thinking, we need to say a few words about modern society as a whole.The system of values today is something that does not give its upholders and future workers any motivation and hope for the future.Every day people are bombarded with news about insignificant people who have somehow succeeded in life, in one way or another by simply working too hard.Thats whats called the American Dream.The irony of it is that, the more we venture into the future, the more its becoming a pipe dream.Sometimes those from zero to hero stories include completely immoral behavior which is nevertheless celebrated as successful.Individuals easily conclude that they will be rewarded by mimicking that behavior, no matter how insufficient or unneeded it may seem.That is why you have new generations of overconfident leaders, narcissistic leaders, leaders with no self-awareness, becaus e the new generation sees them being rewarded, and expect the same to happen to them.To comment on the system that allows and tolerates such things to happen, it is not easy to find the root of the problem.The result is that people are just used to being surrounded by incompetent people in their neighborhood that seeing a plethora of them on high ranking positions is simply a mundane thing.The word politician is these days almost synonymous with the word criminal and most people associate these two noble callings.The problem is that society accepted such phenomena as the standard.A general solution would be to completely overhaul the system via promotion of knowledge, hard work, and above all, a reward for people who exhibit all the good traits, and, most importantly, coverage of these people, as they should become the new mold for the next generations.To further elaborate on some specifics:ATTITUDES ABOUT HARD WORKThe qualities that had made a worker important are not appreciated f ully, nowadays.Today hard work is not something young people run towards.In the past, people were taught that with hard work, everything will be obtainable, as success does not come overnight.Today, young men are more and more being taught to avoid hard work and look for shortcuts.While its efficient to be able to find them when you can, you shouldnt look for an easy way out by default because in some professions, opting for a shortcut results with shortcomings.Although the hard way can always be beneficiary no matter what field of life it is applied to, society nowadays is focused on the “from rags to riches” story and its possible shortcuts, not realizing it is the road that makes it possible.By undermining this fundamental trait, society is accepting the system in which hard work is something that you will just make you tired while promoting the string pulling technique.Society showed that it would respect a person who is in a leadership position by string pulling more than a person that earned that position with hard work and self-improvement.As mentioned before, society pushes its own skewed view of hard work and reward system, that it simply and bluntly tells you to stop trying to work hard, there will always be someone better who will nab the thing you want in front of you.Many people nowadays believe that the only way to achieve something and make something out of yourself is to put the minimum effort into improving yourself in every way, as it is just a waste of time.On the other hand, praising hard work can be a capitalistic myth devised to manipulate people into being exploited and motivating them to work harder and earn for their bosses in order to realize the pipe dream.MATERIALISM AND NEPOTISMThe modern society is focused on materialism more than ever.A materialistic society can only produce more people focused on materialism. It was mentioned previously in the text that focusing more on money than on other aspects of your work surroundings i s not as beneficial as the other way around.The society is constantly being bombarded with propaganda about famous people having expensive trips so much that our brains are wired to think that the only stuff that matters is the wealth we possess.Its easier to get there in a group and that is where the nepotism starts.Materialistic society creates materialistic people, who will eventually value experience less.These people will become workers, these workers will get promoted to leaders, and these leaders will value materialism more than experience and knowledge. It is a domino effect that starts with the worldview.The society is always teaching you to find the easy way, and there is no easiest way than getting a job at a place where your close kin is high position at. Even though that sounds interesting, there is no real learning experience from nepotism.The best way one learns and earns experience is from failure. You have to have multiple successes, and do not let failures get unde r your skin. Learn from them, and continue on.In the end, there is a possibility the future leader will be sheltered at the current position.Those leaders will not learn to put themselves back on their feet after a failure or feel a sense of accomplishment after a successful task, as they will be brought mostly as yes-men.When such a person becomes a leader along the track, they will not be ready for the burdens that their position bringsIn conclusion, materialism and nepotism are two sides of a bad coin.One stops you from bettering yourself and the other stops you from learning from your mistakes.Both stop you from being a competent leader.EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMThe system today focuses more on the mechanical repetition and reproduction of acquired data.You cant really call that education no more than you can call that learning.Instead of focusing on other aspects of learning, such as reinforcing critical thinking in students, and focusing more on the practical parts of the lessons, the educational system forces you to learn certain parts of subjects for which you do not know the practical applicability in later life.For those subjects, the students choose to cheat, thus reinforcing that feeling that cheating is the easiest way out when backed up against a wall while putting the action of “thinking of a solution or an easier way to learn” at the end of the wagon.That point can be achieved by training yourself to think outside the box, to think more metaphysically and philosophically, in short, to stretch out and train your brain.This way of learning further shows that the more one listens and the less one talks, the better the reward hell get.By the time they get to the leadership position, they will have lost the ability to think critically and make proper decisions.They will try to apply outdated and pre-learned solutions that are incompatible with the newly risen problems in the company.Of course, not all systems are proved to be insufficient. One of the mo st successful systems of education is considered to be Finland’s whose system is focused on cooperation among students, the mental health of students, a relaxed and motivating work atmosphere, and bonding between teachers and students. The system of Finland provides excellent results and as of 2014. They have been in the top of PISA.In the end, you should not always wholly blame society. The society, as it is in other countries as well, is always volatile in nature, there are always good and bad apples on the tree.You just need to be aware that it has a strong hold on a young person’s mind and its upbringing.Its effects on a person can be counter-effected by simply knowing that it shapes you and by a simple self-evaluation where you can put your strengths and weaknesses on a piece of paper, and simply reinforce the strengths by eliminating or mitigating the weakness. In the end that is how one becomes a good leader: by being aware of his weaknesses and doing his best to get rid of them. Source: yle.fiREVISIONTo do a little reality-check of your or your bosses leadership capabilities, just ask/answer to these questions.Do you prefer adapting to others or make others adapt to your style of work?You should always try to at least hear other people’s way of thinking and problem approaching skills; you can always learn something new by just looking at a problem from a new perspective.Do you blame other people or yourself for your failures?This is a big question.Of course, there are times when other colleagues make mistakes, but if you always blame others, that is not a sign of good leadership.You should not be afraid of failures; they are the building blocks of your work personality and work ethics and must be gone through sooner rather than later.Do you like giving orders and letting people work or receiving orders and working with others?The ultimate leadership question, the answer which tells whether you are a boss or a leader. A good leader is someone who works thro ugh problems together with their team, shares the good sides and the bad sides, and someone on whom the teammates will always rely.The boss is there to give the assignment and expect the assignment to be done as soon as possible, not wanting to hear excuses or problems that might occur during the work.Now you know where you stand. Are you a leader or a boss?Whichever half of the questions you have found yourself in, always be aware that not every boss is a born leader, but to do the job in the most successful way and avoid the dreaded “incompetent” adjective, you must try your best and be a leader to your colleagues and workers.CONCLUSIONIt is not an easy job to be a leader. If it were that easy, each and every one of us would be a beacon of amazing leadership.However, as with every other skill, leadership is exactly that, and it can be learned, at least to a certain degree. Each one of us should consider his/her personal responsibility to continue bettering ourselves and realiz ing that we can learn something new every day.Furthermore, always be aware of the distinction between a boss and a leader: A good leader is always there for the team, will put his experience, skills, knowledge on disposal to the team. Leaders are the first in lines to fail or succeed and they do both as a team.A boss, on the other hand, is someone who is there but does not express any helping advice, or interest to help their team achieve success.Bosses are there only to take laurels, but they rarely take the fall. In other words, bosses are incompetent leaders.Its a vicious circle where incompetent leaders lead society to its decadence and a decadent society produces incompetent leaders, so each one of us should watch out for the given features of the incompetent leaders.We should all work together to break the cycle.

Recognizing Power And Relationship Between Shakespeare s...

Recognizing Power and Relationship Dynamics Through Simile In Shakespeare William Shakespeare’s use of simile in A Midsummer Night’s Dream explicitly expressed hierarchy, power, and male dominance, which all contributes to shaping the relationships between many of his characters. This theme is echoed throughout the play as Shakespeare demonstrates the differences between male and female characters. In the opening scene, Hermia refuses to follow her father’s orders to marry Demetrius and instead, demands to stay with Lysander. To act on the situation, Egeus appeals to the duke, Theseus, to force his daughter to marry Demetrius. Turning to Hermia, Theseus then tells her: What say you, Hermia? Be advised fair maid. To you your father should be as a god, One that composed your beauties, yea, and one To whom you are but as a form in wax, By him imprinted, and within his power To leave the figure or disfigure it. Demetrius is a worthy gentleman. (Shakespeare 1.1.46-52) The simile being observed here compares Egeus, the father of Hermia, to a god. In this sense, a god is a very strong figure. The play is set in Athenian times when Greek gods were heavily portrayed, so this reference holds supremacy in its meaning. Shakespeare’s utilization of simile not only presents the problem at hand, but also works to outline an underlying theme of power while revealing how the characters seem to view each other. The use of simile early on in the play successfully shapes how influentialShow MoreRelated A Cubist Perspective of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream2475 Words   |  10 PagesA Cubist Perspective of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The great cycle of the ages is renewed. Now Justice returns, returns the Golden Age; a new generation now descends from on high. - Virgil, Eclogues 1.5    As Virgil stated so many years ago, history is a cyclical phenomenon. The experiences of one age tend to be repeated in future generations. Knowing that, we should not be surprised to find the seeds of modern styles and philosophies sprouting in earlierRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Abortion summary - essay - 2595 Words

Abortion is a very controversial social issue that has existed for many decades. The controversy behind this issue is caused by the different views that people and societies have regarding abortion. The social science disciplines of political science and religion will be used in getting a better understanding of the opposing views of abortion. In discussing the religious aspects of abortion, this paper will focus on the Jewish and Catholic views of abortion and how the two faiths effect an individual s decision upon having an abortion. When discussing the political controversy regarding abortion, this paper will discuss the abortion laws in Canada and the United States as well as the pro-choice and anti-choice movements of abortion.†¦show more content†¦According to the Jewish religion, the proper circumstances for having an abortion are in order to save the woman s life, if the pregnancy will harm a woman s health and in cases of incest or rape (Kolatch, 1985). The Mishnah, one of the books of the Talmud, indicates that a mother s life must be saved even at the cost of the life of the fetus at any stage of the pregnancy, as long as the child is in the womb (Klein, 1979). The Jewish religion feels that the life of the mother is more important than that of the unborn child and that the mother s life has priority over the life of an unborn child. Maimonides states that the child is sacrificed because it has the status of a pursuer, one who threatens the life of another, and its life may be taken as long as it is still in the womb (Maimonides, 1963). Therapeutic abortions are permissible in the early stages of abortion in the case of incest or rape where shame and embarrassment to the mother from the continuance of the pregnancy are considered threats to her health (Klein, 1979). In the case of adultery, a woman impregnated while engaging in adulterous action is not allowed to have an abortion (Kolatch, 1985) since the Ten Commandments state thou shalt no t commit adultery (Exodus 20.1-17). When a Jewish couple gets married, it is theirShow MoreRelatedLife Of The Mother By William Shakespeare1360 Words   |  6 Pageslife of the mother. Marquis believes that abortion is almost always morally impermissible, except in extreme circumstances, because the fetus has a future life. I will simply evaluate each of the authors reasonings that defend their belief, and give my argument for why I believe Don Marquis’ essay is more convincing. (SUMMARY DEFENSE OF ABORTION) Thompson begins by stating â€Å" a fetus is a person and that killing a person is, in essence, murder, and thus morally wrong.† Thompson uses many analogiesRead MoreTheories And Arguments : Inherit The Wind By Jerome Lawrence Robert E. Lee Essay780 Words   |  4 Pageswhen we don’t want them to. 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Swift was outraged at the Irish population because they were allowing the British to put them into a situation where they wereRead MoreEssay on Logical, Ethical, and Emotional Argumentation998 Words   |  4 Pages(Lundsford 115-116). Any sort of persuasive piece, be it an essay, a video, or an editorial; employs ethos, pathos, and logos to try to prove its point. â€Å"The Torture Myth† is a short anti-torture essay written by journalist Anne Applebaum four years after the September 11th, 2001 attacks and before the Senate vote on the nomination of pro-torture Alberto Gonzales for Attorney General. Applebaum does not directly use ethos in her essay; however, a short bibliographical passage in The Seagull ReaderRead MoreAnalysis Of The Right To Ones Body By Margaret Sanger911 Words   |  4 PagesJake Siford History 1152 Professor Graves 4 November 2017 Primary Source Review #3 Margret Sanger, writer of the essay â€Å"The Right to One’s Body† will be the author for this primary review. Sanger, as described by biography.com, was â€Å"†¦ an early feminist and women’s rights activist who coined the term ‘birth control’ and worked towards its legalization† (â€Å"Margaret Sanger†). Margret was also responsible for the creation of the first planned parenthood center, and later was a founding member of theRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Of The World1605 Words   |  7 Pagesattention today, amid the new population projections(1). Recent researches show that the world population took billions of years to reach 7 billion and between 200 years rapidly increased 5 percent and increased to 7.4 billion(2).(2) In a famous 1798 essay, the Reverend Thomas Malthus proposed that human population would grow more rapidly than our ability to grow food, and that eventually we would starve; because of this scientist a nd population analysts are afraid of overpopulation which will eventuallyRead MoreWhy Abortion Is Immoral?2174 Words   |  9 PagesWhy Abortion Is Immoral Even In The Extreme Event Of Rape Or Incest: It is only justifiable if by the â€Å"Principle of the Double Effect† Abortion is an issue that has been debated for several centuries, and it is not going to go away any time soon. If both sides continue to remain firm in their own principles and fight for what they consider to be right, while also demonizing those who hold just as strong of beliefs and convictions on the other side, abortion will be an issue that will be questionedRead MoreFeminism And Women s Suffrage Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesother. The feminist movement can be see mainly in 3 stages in the UK. It can be argued that feminism had its day due to lack of momentum behind a third and fourth stage of its movement resulting in a decline of feminism in this generation. In this essay, I will be focusing more attention on the first and second waves of feminism compared to third stage of feminism. The first wave of feminism in the UK was linked to women’s suffrage. Due to the male dominated society in the 1900s, opponents fearedRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Of The World1540 Words   |  7 Pagesattention today, amid the new population projections(1). 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Failon Ngayon- Panglao Beaches( Reaction Paper) Free Essays

Panglao Island Bohol Beaches It’s an unavoidable fact that somewhere among the Philippines’ 7,107 islands you will find the most beautiful beaches in the world. With a coastline twice the length of that of the United States, the Philippines can claim to be Asia’s Beach Capital. Enjoy the warm crystal blue waters of both the China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. We will write a custom essay sample on Failon Ngayon- Panglao Beaches( Reaction Paper) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mention the Philippines and images of long, white sand beaches and bodies of water blessed with a variety of marine life come to mind. Panglao is a perfect for a great dive and beach holiday. It is a small island on the Philippines southwest of the bigger island, Bohol. On the southern beach of Panglao there are several resorts that line up on the beach. But Tourism, however, also brings destruction. We’ve seen many beaches get abused and exploited by both residents and tourists themselves. Executive Director Bebot Pinat (Padayon, Bohol Marine Triangle) quote that â€Å"Ang dagat ay isang malaking dumpsite. † She said that she smells the unwelcome odor of the sea where they throw their waste. Panglao Island houses many resorts but if we will examine, where they throw their liquid waste they don’t even have waste water treatment. According to Dr. Abercio Rotor, an Environmental Scientist/ Biologist, all of these wastes will go to the sea. The water is very fertile that it can have algal bloom that which can lead in having a fish kills. The other man said that there are trucks collecting the wastes of the resorts. But he doesn’t know where they drop the wastes but he affirms that throwing of wastes in the island is prohibited. There was also riprap that is so close in the water and reportedly to extensive that it almost consumes the whole sea side, it’s sizable and it’s even expose. Mr. Arthur Arboladura (President, Alona Beach Community Association said that it protects the tourists as well as the area of Alona. Dr. Rotor states that if someone will put up a resort, it will destroy the natural riprap and the refined composition of the soil so that there will be erosion on top. It will destroy the water environment too. Sec. Ramon Jimenez was so shocked seeing the video clip of Failon Ngayon. He affirms that it is so much near the water and it will cause scouring. He also assures that DENR will take immediate action in this issue. Dauis, Panglao Island Bohol has many first class resorts and they all comply in all the policies. Even Mayor Jaime Jimenez said that they all have ECC’s. But Failon Ngayon was informed that Panglao Island Nature Resort and Spa give much damage in the residents nearby. The Panglao Island Nature Resort and Spa has a 531 sq. m. man made island. According to Executive Dir. Bebot Pinat there is a violation and there must no establishment near the shore. Foreshore lease is prohibited in our oceans, the Mayor said. But why all these establishments exist until now? It’s because they are difficult to demolish, according to him. On July 06 2006, EMB issued an order suspending the â€Å"resort† ECC and directing the cessation on any undertaking or project expansion within the area not covered by any tenurial instrument (foreshore lease/ PRA permit) The PINR send a message to Failon Ngayon that although it’s existing, ECC had been suspended temporarily by then, DENR Secretary Angelo Reyes, Management has been issued a temporary restraining order to prevent the DENR from pursuing their order. The Management has defended its positioning the lower court and appellate court. However, the DENR has raised it to the Supreme Court for its ultimate decision. And because the case is currently on trial they refuse to talk about it as well as the officials of EMB Region 7. They don’t want to forewarn the court in giving their sides. Secretary Jimenez quote† Kaninong kasalanan? Kasalanan nating lahat. Hindi posible na magkaroon ng turismo na hindi mamuhunan ng lupa ng mga bahagi ng ganyang kalikasan. Ang importante dyan ay kung sustainable ba? Maitutuloy mo ba? Ubos na ba ang problema? Ay hindi po marami pa tayong aayusin. † Beaches are some of the most unique and enjoyable natural resources on our planet. The beauty and calm are two of the main reasons why the coast continues to be a prime place for fun, and for setting up housing and other developments. But why this is happening? As I watch this episode of Failon Ngayon there is one question in my mind, bugging me. Why there are people who don’t care for the environment even, this â€Å"environment† keeps their life comfort? They don’t put in their mind that if they destroy the environment their children and the future generation will suffer to it. Many of us are greedy in money, power and fame that sometimes we have no morality in our actions at all. We know what is right and wrong. And it is wrong to harm the environment as well as the people that might be affected. The fishermen and their families who have been left behind by the development and the poor folks who have not benefited from the present tourism boom do not have a voice on what they think about the issue. It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution it will cause. How to cite Failon Ngayon- Panglao Beaches( Reaction Paper), Papers

Sub Seven Virus Essay Example For Students

Sub Seven Virus Essay Imagine this, youre at home playing on the computer when suddenly your cd drive opens. You brush it off as it were nothing unusual but then a few minutes go by and out of nowhere you printer starts printing a page that says you have a virus that allows people total access your files. You begin to panic when a message window pops up and its the person that printed that out. He tells you that the virus you have is called the subseven virus. I didnt have to hard of a time imagining that situation because it really happened to me. The guy that informed me of having the virus told me where I could download the program to access people files. So I, being the curious type downloaded and proceeded to get into peoples computers. I have to admit it is pretty fun messing with people. I didnt delete anyones files I just looked around and when I was done having a little fun with the person I told them that they had the subseven virus. We will write a custom essay on Sub Seven Virus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The operating program was well developed. It has a lot of options some of these options include flipping the victims screen, take control of mouse, revealing cached passwords, open cd rom drive, disable keyboard, turn monitor off, and much much more. My personal favorite option was the ability to access the c-drive and see what the person has on their computer. Subseven was discovered in May 1999. The creator calls himself ?Mobman.? Subseven is a Windows 9x Internet Backdoor trojan. When running it gives virtually unlimited access to the system over the Internet to anyone running the appropriate client program. Subseven uses a persons ip address to access the system. It installs three files onto the computer. The first being NODLL.EXE which is installed into the windows folder and is used to load the trojan server. The next file is known as BackDoor-G.srv. This one is also installed into the windows folder and is the actual trojan that receives and carries out the commands from the client program. This file is usually the first file the user gets. The next file is used by the trojan server program to watch for connections to the internet from the client software. This file is identified as BackDoor-G.dll. The Trojan also registers the file extension .dl as an executable file type that can be run by the operating system just like any .exe fi le. This allows the attacker to download files onto the victims system and run them. Because the extension is not usually associated with executable files some virus scanners will not scan these files and the victim will not suspect these files. You may be asking yourself ?How can I tell if I have the virus Well here are some indications that youve been infected. Files copied to the local system, changes to system registry, and strange or unexplained dialogue boxes on the machine with conversation or keystrokes entered without your instructing to do so. I hope my report gave you some new insight on a tricky little virus that can really mess up your computer. I have added the full list of options on the subseven program. Fun Manager1. Open Web Browser to specified location. 2. Restart Windows. 3. Reverse Mouse buttons. 4. Hide Mouse Pointer. 5. Move Mouse. 6. Mouse Trail Config. 7. Set Volume. 8. Record Sound file from remote mic. 9. Change Windows Colors / Restore. 10. Hang up Internet Connection. 11. Change Time. 12. Change Date. 13. Change Screen resolution. 14. Hide Desktop Icons / Show15. Hide Start Button / Show16. Hide taskbar / Show17. Opne CD-ROM Drive / Close18. Beep computer Speaker / Stop19. Turn Monitor Off / On20. Disable CTRL+ALT+DEL / Enable21. Turn on Scroll Lock / Off22. Turn on Caps Locl / Off23. Turn on Num Lock / OffConnection Manager1. Connect / Disconnect2. IP Scanner3. IP Address book4. Get Computer Name5. Get User Name6. Get Windows and System Folder Names7. Get Computer Company8. Get Windows Version9. Get Windows Platform10. Get Current Resolution11. Get DirectX Version12. Get Current Bytes per Pixel settings13. Get CPU Vendor14. Get CPU Speed15. Get Hard Drive Size16. Get Hard Drive Free Space17. Change Server Port18. Set Server Password19. Update Server20. Close Server21. Remove Server22. ICQ Pager Connection Notify23. IRC Connection Notify24. E-Mail Connection NotifyKeyboard Manager-1. Enable Key Logger / Disable2. Open Key Logger in a remote Window3. Clear the Key Logger Windows4. Collect Keys pressed while Off line5. Open Chat Victim + Controller6. Open Chat among all connectedControllers1. Windows Pop-up Message Manager2. Disable Keyboard3. Send Keys to a remote WindowMisc. Manager-1. Full Screen Capture2. Continuous Thumbnail Capture3. Flip Screen4. Open FTP Server5. Find Files6. Capture from Computer Camera7. List Recorded Passwords8. List Cached Passwords9. Clear Password List10. Registry Editor11. Send Text ot PrinterFile Manager-1. Show files/folders and navigate2. List Drives3. Execute Application4. Enter Manual Command5. Type path Manually6. Download files7. Upload files8. Get File Size9. Delete File10. Play *.WAV11. Set Wallpaper12. Print *.TXT*.RTF file13. Show ImageWindow Manager1. List visible windows2. List All Active Applications3. Focus on Window4. Close Window5. Disable X (close) button6. Hide a Window from view. .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .postImageUrl , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:hover , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:visited , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:active { border:0!important; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:active , .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31577fca1158196d61706ce94410c9cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gateway to heaven Ouch, je je I"m telling mamma! I yelled in agony, rubbing the imprint her book left on my head Essay7. Show a Hidden Window8. Disable Window9. Enable Disabled WindowOptions Menu-1. Set Quality of Full Screen Capture2. Set Quality of Thumbnail Capture3. Set Chat font size and Colors4. Set Clients User Name5. Set local Download Directory6. Set Quick Help7. Set Client Skin8. Set Fun Manager SkinEdit Server1. PreSet Target Port2. PreSet server Password3. Attach EXE File4. PreSet filename after installation5. PreSet Registry Key6. PreSet Autostart Method:Registry system files start up folders 7. PreSet Fake error message8. PreSet Connection Notify Username9. PreSet Connection Notify ICQ#10. PreSet Connection Notify E-Mail11. PreSet Connection Notify IRC Chan. 12. PreSet IRC Port13. Change Server *.exe IconComputers and Internet

Free Essays on A Brief Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence

By understanding the framework of time that the Declaration of Independence was written in, we can see its impact upon the peoples of early America and how they dealt with this famous writing. This paper will explain the basic ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence, the impact of the Declaration upon the American War of Independence, and the reasons the Declaration was considered a "radical document". These themes will be discussed and analyzed to demonstrate the premise of the Declaration of Independence, as well as to explain why and how it worked within the time it was written in. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, he foresaw the coming of great changes within the times that he lived in. The Declaration embodied many of the ideas that separated the colonies from England and thus began the process of creating a new country out of the fray. One of the ideas that Jefferson wrote about was the freedom of religion. This was a core idea that made the basis of a republican society work, via separation of church and state. This caused many schisms in the many faiths that were already implanted in the colonies. Moreover, it took a long time to separate the church from the state because of the old foundations set by England. Jefferson set the trend for freedom in this writing to give everyone a fair chance to be â€Å"whomever they wanted to be regardless of race, creed or religion† (Zinn p.77). Another idea entrenched in the Declaration of Independence is that men should not be subject to the hierarchy that was the foundation for a monarchical government such as the one that England had used unsuccessfully with the colonists in the new world. A king could do as he pleased and thus wreaked havoc within the colonies by taxing without representation. This started the whole â€Å"windfall of rebellion by the colonists from the North to the South† (Maier p.236). Jefferson wrote that all people were creat... Free Essays on A Brief Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence Free Essays on A Brief Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence By understanding the framework of time that the Declaration of Independence was written in, we can see its impact upon the peoples of early America and how they dealt with this famous writing. This paper will explain the basic ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence, the impact of the Declaration upon the American War of Independence, and the reasons the Declaration was considered a "radical document". These themes will be discussed and analyzed to demonstrate the premise of the Declaration of Independence, as well as to explain why and how it worked within the time it was written in. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, he foresaw the coming of great changes within the times that he lived in. The Declaration embodied many of the ideas that separated the colonies from England and thus began the process of creating a new country out of the fray. One of the ideas that Jefferson wrote about was the freedom of religion. This was a core idea that made the basis of a republican society work, via separation of church and state. This caused many schisms in the many faiths that were already implanted in the colonies. Moreover, it took a long time to separate the church from the state because of the old foundations set by England. Jefferson set the trend for freedom in this writing to give everyone a fair chance to be â€Å"whomever they wanted to be regardless of race, creed or religion† (Zinn p.77). Another idea entrenched in the Declaration of Independence is that men should not be subject to the hierarchy that was the foundation for a monarchical government such as the one that England had used unsuccessfully with the colonists in the new world. A king could do as he pleased and thus wreaked havoc within the colonies by taxing without representation. This started the whole â€Å"windfall of rebellion by the colonists from the North to the South† (Maier p.236). Jefferson wrote that all people were creat...

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you dream of cutting out your daily commute and getting away from the office? Would you love the freedom to work from home or anywhere with an internet connection? Thanks to advances in technology, more and more people are working remotely every year. Employees can enjoy greater flexibility and freedom, and employers can discover talent all across the country and globe. This guide will tell you everything you need to know about working from home, including what skills you need and where to find legitimate work from home jobs. First, what kind of telecommuting jobs are available? What Are the Options for Working at Home? Work-from-home jobs are as varied as traditional jobs. They could be part-time, full-time, or project-based. You could get hired as a full-time employee with benefits, or you could contribute as a freelancer to a variety of companies. Some require entry-level skills, while others call for C-suite senior executives. Besides working as an employee, you could also start your own online business. You could offer a service, like teaching, consulting, programming, or editing, or start a blog and learn how to gain traffic and monetize your website. Another, though probably temporary, option for making money from home is selling goods online. If you have a lot of extra clothes, for instance, you could try selling them on eBay or an online consignment shop, like Tradesy or thredUP. For the purposes of this guide, we’ll focus mainly on part-time, full-time, and freelance work and how to make money online. You’ll find websites for full-time jobs, as well as websites for freelance projects for you to make some supplemental income. What industries are hiring, and what kind of remote online jobs are available? Would you enjoy working with international students? You could teach English to people across the world via Skype. Industries and Positions for Remote Workers There are a huge variety of industries that hire remote workers. According to FlexJobs.com, a leading search site for telecommute jobs, the information technology (IT) field has the most opportunities for online work, followed by the fields of healthcare, sales, administrative work, customer service, education, and marketing. Some of the most popular telecommuting positions are that of computer programmer, writer, engineer, marketer, medical consultant, tech support provider, recruiter, tutor, and on-call nurses. Anyone with the right skills and qualifications can earn money online in one of these positions. Now that you have a sense of the types of industries and positions that offer telecommuting positions, let’s take a closer look at where you can find your own remote job. Read on for the full list of the best search websites for legitimate work at home jobs. If you're a programmer, you're in luck! There are lots of remote work opportunities for people who know how to code. Where to Find Work From Home Jobs: Best Job Search Websites How can you turn your dream of telecommuting into a reality? It all starts with the job search. These websites are the best online resources for locating a remote job that matches up with your skillset and professional goals. Read on for the best websites for legitimate work at home jobs in four categories: 1, part-time and full-time work at home jobs, 2, freelance opportunities and short-term projects, 3, tech jobs, and 4, general searches to make money online. For Part-Time and Full-Time Jobs These websites feature home-based jobs for people looking for how to earn money online and work remotely on a long-term basis, whether in a part-time or full-time role. Most of the sites are free, with the exception of FlexJobs and Virtual Vocations. FlexJobs FlexJobs is one of the best sites to find home based jobs. It has over 50 job categories across all different industries and experience levels. FlexJobs vets all its job postings thoroughly, so you know that they’re all legitimate. You can find thousands of part-time, full-time, and freelance opportunities. The only downside of FlexJobs is that it has a fee: $14.95 per month or $49.95 per year. WeWorkRemotely.com WeWorkRemotely presents a frequently updated list of part-time and full-time work from home opportunities. While it’s not the most comprehensive list, it features well-paying jobs at top tech companies and start-ups for skilled professionals. The job categories are programming, customer support, developmental operations and system administration, marketing, content writing, copywriting, design, and business executive and management, along with a few miscellaneous. When you get a remote job, you could choose to work very remotely. Bali, anyone? Remote OK Remote OK caters to the tech-savvy remote worker with a background in programming or design. It also features some non-tech jobs and a list of start-ups with distributed teams. The user interface is sleek and easy to use. Jobspresso Jobspresso provides high-quality part-time and full-time jobs at companies located all across the world. Career categories include web development, marketing, project management, support, writing, and systems administration. Crossover Crossover both hires remote workers itself and connects companies with remote workers all over the world. Some categories include software development, sales, marketing, finance, and executive management. You’ll mostly find full-time jobs, some with salaries well over $100k a year. Skip the Drive Skip the Drive lists a range of work at home jobs in industries ranging from consulting to nursing to account management. You can search openings on the site or set up an email alert to get notified about new postings in any of the job categories. With a remote job, your commute gets cut way down, perhaps to the time it takes to get from your bed to your couch. Virtual Vocations Virtual Vocations lists hundreds of pre-screened remote job opportunities in over 50 categories. You can access some of the listings for free, or get unlimited access for $15.99 a month or $59.99 for six months. Homewiththekids.com Home With the Kids caters to stay-at-home parents looking for remote part-time or full-time jobs. It has work from home jobs in over 30 categories, along with other resources, like articles and chat forums, for parents who work from home. For Freelance Opportunities and Short-Term Projects These sites connect freelancers with employers looking for help on specific projects. Most require you to fill out a profile with your skills and experience. The more you work, the better your reputation will be on the site, and the greater your chance of getting hired to earn money from home. Freelancer.com Freelancer connects freelancing writers, programmers, marketers, and other professionals with employers for short-term or long-term projects. Project categories include writing, IT, business services, data entry, translation, sales, and marketing. Upwork Upwork matches freelancers with employers for one-time projects or part-time remote work opportunities. You’ll need to create an account and profile with your resume, skills, experience, and a link to a portfolio or any published work. For each project, you’ll need to submit a proposal. Once a project is finished, the employer leaves feedback on your profile so that you can build up a reputation for good online work over time. Fiverr Fiverr is a place where freelancers can look for short-term projects that pay anywhere from $5 and up. They can also post a service, like â€Å"I will test your website from a user’s point of view† or â€Å"I will add animation sound effects to video.† To use Fiverr, you’ll need to create an account and profile. Some remote job websites feature listings for short-term, freelance projects. For Jobs in Tech As you read above, many sites offer legitimate work from home jobs for software programmers and web developers. The following sites cater specifically to professionals in tech. If you know Ruby or Python, then these sites have work for you. Stack Overflow Stack Overflow features jobs for software engineers and developers. When you browse, just type â€Å"remote† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field to narrow down your options. The site also has QA forums where developers can troubleshoot issues together. Ruby Now Are you a Ruby developer? Ruby Now has a list of jobs specifically for Ruby developers. You can also join the email list to get the most recent jobs. Power to Fly Power to Fly is a new website that seeks to match women in tech with remote job opportunities at Fortune 500 companies and start-ups that â€Å"value gender diversity and inclusion.† To use the site, you need to create an account and go through the vetting process. Once you’re matched with a company, you’ll do online work for a two to four week â€Å"paid trial,† after which you’ll get hired or try your luck somewhere else to find a better fit. Power to Fly matches women in tech with remote job opportunities. For General Job Searches While the above job search sites cater exclusively to remote work, general job sites also advertise many remote opportunities. You can search for telecommuting jobs on Monster.com, Indeed.com, or CareerBuilder.com by typing â€Å"work from home,† â€Å"remote,† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field. Idealist.org (which provides opportunities for socially conscious work, often at non-profit organizations) has the option to narrow your search results to remote jobs. MediaBistro.com features writing, editing, and publishing jobs, some of which are remote. AngelList features opportunities at growing start-ups. Finally, you could also search around Craigslist for work from home opportunities, though you’ll have to explore different cities to get a full sense of what’s available. One useful site for writers is FreelanceWritingGigs.com, as it collects all the writing and editing jobs on Craigslist across all locations into one daily list. Since anyone can post to Craigslist, you’ll need to be careful that a posting is real and not a scam. Apart from using a job search engine, you can also check out the official website of a company to see if it has jobs at home available. You can use a well-established job search website, like Monster or Indeed, to find legitimate work at home jobs if you filter the results. Top Companies of 2016 With Remote Jobs To help people find telecommuting work, FlexJobs creates a yearly list of the top 100 companies and universities with work from home jobs. These are the top 20 companies on its 2016 list. As you can see, the companies represent a variety of industries and opportunities. LiveOps TeleTech Amazon Sutherland Global Services UnitedHealth Group Dell IBM U.S. Department of Agriculture Working Solutions Humana Aetna Intuit Kaplan Kelly Services Cactus Communications Westat Salesforce PAREXEL CyberCoders American Express Beside these big corporations, you’ll find work from home jobs at more recently established companies, like Groupon, Airbnb, and Wordpress. Some of these companies have moved away from the term â€Å"remote worker,† by the way, instead preferring to call their employees a â€Å"distributed team.† If there’s a particular company you’re interested in, then you should check out its careers page. While there are a lot of great remote positions available, there are also, unfortunately, some scams in this relatively new and unregulated domain. What warning signs should you look for as you distinguish the real work at home jobs from the fake ways to make online? Some companies are 100% remote, relying on a team that's distributed all across the world. What to Watch Out For: Avoid These Scams If you’ve ever job searched on Craigslist, you may have come across posts promising that you’ll earn thousands of dollars a month by working from home. These posts don’t say much about the company or job, and chances are that whoever is on the other end will start asking for your personal information right off the bat. Make sure you never give out personal information, like your social security or bank account numbers, until you’re confident that you have a real job offer. How can you evaluate whether the offer is real? First, you should make sure that the hiring manager works for an established company. The job advertisement should state the company name, rather than ask you to apply to a blind email address. Legitimate work from home jobs will have some sort of an application process, whether it requires an interview, samples of your work, or a mock project to evaluate your skills. Even if you don’t have to interview, you’ll probably need to share some examples of your experiences and skills. If you’re looking at a full-time remote job, then you’ll likely have a face-to-face interview over Skype or Google Hangouts. If you get an offer to make money from home without any kind of application process, then chances are that the job is not legitimate. A real job will also have some guidance on what kind of employee you are, whether you’re a W2 employee with benefits or are contributing as an independent contractor. If you’re an independent contractor, then you’ll eventually need a 1099 form from the employer to file your taxes. Ask the potential employer for this information on taxes both to learn more about the position and to gauge whether or not the job is a scam. Generally speaking, scams are easy to spot with their exaggerated promises and vague details. If you do your research, communicate with the employer, and still feel that something isn’t right, then you should trust your instincts. Make sure that you’re confident in a job offer before quitting your current job or giving away valuable personal information. Once you apply to a work from home job, get hired, and make the switch, what skills will you need to succeed as a remote worker? If an ad promises big bucks for little work, then it may be a scam. What Skills Do You Need to Work Remotely? If you’ve always held a job in a traditional work environment, then switching to remote work could be a big adjustment. There are both benefits and challenges to working remotely, and you should give them some serious consideration to decide whether working from home is right for you. These are the main features that could take some getting used to. #1: Communicating Online, Rather Than in Person First, working remotely is, to state the obvious, remote. You don’t have a team of co-workers to interact with directly on a daily basis. You may communicate throughout the day, but that interaction will likely be moved online and conducted through chat or email. Some people prefer this style of communication, but others could find it isolating. You also may need to work a little harder to stay connected to your team, as well as make sure you know how to use the technology to communicate. #2: Staying Motivated and Accountable Because you’re working remotely, you’ll have a lot of independence to direct your work. You’ll need to minimize distractions and figure out when, where, and how you’re most productive. You may need to come up with strategies to keep track of time, meet deadlines, and overcome procrastination. You’re largely responsible for creating your own routines and sticking to them. There are a lot of apps that can help you track your time and beat procrastination. Toggl, for instance, tracks your time so you know how many hours you’re spending on each project. Rescue Time will show you what fraction of each day you've spent clicking around Facebook or getting lost down a rabbit hole of YouTube videos. Trello and Evernote are easy-to-use apps for managing projects and recording ideas. Focus@will offers concentration-enhancing music or white noise, while StayFocused will temporarily block distracting websites while you work. There are lots of apps to help you stay accountable, but ultimately, you’re responsible for self-directing your work and managing your time. When you work remotely, you're responsible for directing your work and managing your time. #3: Filing Your Own Taxes As mentioned above, working remotely may involve working as an independent contractor. In this case, you’ll have to file your own taxes with a 1099 form. As an independent contractor, your employer won't withhold income, Social Security, or Medicare taxes. You’ll have to pay these taxes on your own. If you use a tax preparation software, like Turbo Tax, then you might have to pay an additional fee of about $30 to prepare your 1099 returns. The process isn’t all that complicated, but you’ll have to exercise financial self-control over the year. If you’re an independent contractor, you’ll need to save a portion of your earnings to pay taxes at the end of the tax season. #4: Taking Control of Your Career Path Finally, working from home may put more onus on you to plan your career trajectory. You may need to be more proactive about developing new skills and figuring out the next steps of your career. Before making the leap to working from home, think about the pros and cons that come along with the total independence of remote work. All that being said, working from home doesn’t have to mean that you’re working alone. Outside of any co-workers with whom you can chat online, you may also come across supportive communities of like-minded, remote-working peers. When you work remotely, you're largely on your own. You have to be proactive about forging the path toward your professional goals. Finding Communities While Working From Home Working online is getting more and more popular every year. There are lots of people that are dedicated to the remote lifestyle and share their thoughts and tips in online forums or in-person meet-ups and co-working spaces. For instance, HomeWithTheKids.com caters to parents who work at home. In addition to job postings, they host chat forums where parents can share their thoughts and ideas. Remote workers who strive to be â€Å"digital nomads,† or to work from anywhere in the world with an internet connection, organize meet-ups in various cities through websites like Meetup.com. There are even a few companies, like Remote Year and We Roam, that bring remote employees together to work and develop their skills while traveling to a new country every month. Many cities also offer co-working spaces, which remote workers can use when they want a break from their home office (or couch). Workbar, for instance, has locations throughout Boston for â€Å"growing start-ups, creative entrepreneurs, independent professionals, and enterprise teams.† Co-working spaces allow you to have freedom over your schedule and location while still connecting and learning from people across different industries. Whatever your niche, you’ll likely be able to find a forum online or offline with like-minded individuals interested in forging a supportive community. While some individuals work remotely 100% of the time, others split their schedule between home and an office. If you’d like to change your working arrangement, how could you broach this conversation with your boss? If you travel while you work, you can find communities of fellow digital nomads. Can You Work From Home in Your Current Job? Do you work online a lot of the time and want to divide your time between the office and home? While broaching the subject with your boss can be tough, it might be worth it to get the flexible schedule you desire. To switch to a split schedule, you need to show your boss that you can be just as reliable, productive, and dedicated at home as you are in the office. You should present a plan for how you’ll meet deadlines, produce high-quality work, and remain accessible. Show your boss that you can make the most of technology - email, Skype, Slack, Facetime, etc. - to stay connected. Whether you want to get rid of a rough commute, find your own quiet space, or simply feel more productive away from the 9 to 5 office chair, your reasons for wanting to work remotely are legitimate. You should communicate how working remotely would boost your productivity and help you bring value to your company. Employers are hearing and heeding the call for more flexible work arrangements. Hopefully, your employer will be open to the arrangement, too. In closing, let’s go over some final thoughts about work from home jobs and how to make the switch to remote employment. If you talk to your boss about a split schedule, she might be open to a more flexible work arrangement. Finding a Work From Home Job: Final Thoughts Working remotely all or part of the time is an increasingly popular trend that is only expected to grow in the future. According to Forbes, over 30 million people work from home at least once a week. Over three million professionals are entirely remote, and the majority of that group say they’re happier working from home. Remote working offers a great deal of flexibility, whether you’re freelancing and building a portfolio, holding a part-time job while being a stay-at-home parent, or working full-time for an established corporation or exciting new start-up. You can supplement your income with online projects or get full-time work with benefits that is 100% remote. Some professionals even travel the world while working and developing skills as a growing group of so-called digital nomads. Once a fringe movement, working from home is an increasingly popular, legitimate, and available option for anyone from entry-level employees to high-level executives. If working from home sounds like the right option for you, then search around for opportunities on a job search engine or head to a company's career page. You might land a great job that matches your professional skills and goals and gives you the freedom to work whenever and wherever you're most productive.

Equal access to computing technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equal access to computing technology - Case Study Example But the sad fact is that majority of the people are deprived of this new opportunities. They either do not have physical access to ICTs or do not have the necessary skills to make use of it. To deal with digital divide, the two most important things we need to create are the following. Ensure physical access to ICTs for everybody Whether ICTs are a solution to digital Divide? ICTs may be introduced when they are helpful in meeting the basic requirements of the people. When majority of the world’s population are suffering from poverty and illiteracy, physical access to internet or broadband alone is meaningless to them. So first priority shall be given to satisfying the basic requirements of the people and ICT could be introduced when it could meet some of their requirements. More than simply having physical access, providing various ICT based services could raise the standard of life of poor and illiterate people. Provide education so that everyone could develop skills to live in a digitalized world Education is the most important means through which we can deal with digital divide. Students can learn necessary skills from schools. So children in all schools and colleges should be provided access to computers and broadband connection. Through education we can deal with two types of digital divide.

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Promotion of Dior J’Adore" discovers the Promotion of Dior J’Adore. Francis Demachy enjoyed a very good repute since his past experience was with another luxury brand, Chanel, and was responsible for managing the in-house creation of the perfumes. There is a long history associated with the creation of J’Adore , where the founder of the Dior, Christian Dior always expressed his passion towards the flowers and wanted to incorporate the fragrance of the flowers in a bottle so that the scent was at the disposal of the users. This is known as one of the most feminine scents of the modern world were the glamorous fragrance of the perfume has not only made it incredibly popular in the market of the luxury goods but at the same time the popularity of the perfume had enabled the House of Dior to even introduced the several variants which have different concentrations. The scent of the J’Adore is gleaming, brilliant and luminous and thanks to the shimmery texture of the perfume, that when it is applied it leaves golden scent shimmers on the skins of the users which look very much like the sunbeams. J’Adore is regarded as one of the most incredible female brands and it depicts a feminine and delicate touch which is in line with the style which has been adopted by Dior. It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore.... It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. Overview of the Brand Identity The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore is that there is touch of sophistication and glamour attached with it, giving the user a very lush , high quality experience. It uses a brand enforcing strategy where a class division has been added by enforcing the superiority in the product. The conventional and the traditional approach which had previously been adopted by the luxury products has been rejected by J’Adore and denounces the materialistic view, which not only gives the brand a strong brand identity but at the same time has been able to give J’Adore a competitive edge as well. It very clearly states in the advertisements and the marketing strategies that the gold , expensive cars , jewellery do not play any role in making you stand out from th e crowd, but instead it is your unique fragrance that plays a part in helping you stand out. Brand has projected its tag line stating : ‘wear J’adore and you can regain your sense of humanity.’ (When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) â€Å"Gold is cold. Diamonds are dead. A limousine is a car. Don’t pretend. Feel what’s real† is the line which has been used in many of the advertisements of the perfume, which adheres to the view point, stated above. â€Å"(When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) The uniqueness of the perfume can be displayed in the bottle which is in the shape of a Greek Amphora which exhibits

Information Management and Systems

Information Management and Systems It is defined as the discipline that covers several applications including people,procedures and technologies.these a ppliocations aree collectively reffered to as information systems. Information Systems Management (ISM) are distinct from the normal information systems in the sense that they are capable of analyzing other information sytems that are apllied in operational activities of an organization.It is a planned system of perfoming collection,storingand dissemination of data in the form of the required information for carrying out necessary management functions. In the academic world the term is used to refer to,a group of information management methods twined to the automation of human decision making.Such systems include;Expert Systems,excecutive information Systems and Decicion Support Systems. ISM includes the application of Information Technology in support of major functions and activities in an organization or institution.ISM supports processes of:Storage,collection,manipulation,utilization and distribution of information resources of an organization.Manual processes are also included in an information system.This term is used as a synonym for information that are computer-based. Information systems will often deal with dockets such as use,development and management of an organizations information technology infrastructure. It includes systems that are not intended for decision making Currently the focus of companies has shifted from product oriented to information oriented.this means that there is more competition in process and innovation,by market operators, rather than product.There is much emphasis on the production process and services that accompanies the process of production. One of the most valued asset of a company is its information. This calls for a very strong information infrastructure.Therefore the study of information systems is keen on why and how technology can be put into excellent use in service to information flow within an organization. A great majority of information systems are developed for people. This peole employ the same in various areas including functional areas such as;human resource,marketing,finance,accounting etc.ISM professionals require a strong mixture of both technical and business knowledge for them to develop an information system that meets the needs of an organization. They must understand organizations objectives,its structures,operations and financial implications that are relative to these factors.Good understanding of these factors will give the ISM professionals a good base for effective communication with users before designing systems that will support their needs.It is also a good attribute of an ISM manager or professional to be updated with the evolving information technologies.They should posses a strong foundation of technical skills so as to select appropriate technologies and implementation of computer based information system. OVERVIEW In the current workplace,it is definite that technology works both effectively and reliably. ISM professionals have a key role in implementing technology within organizations. Infomation Systems Managers plan,network,and direct research and facilitate all computer related duties of firms.They are functional in determining both business and technical goals during consultation with the top management.They make detailed plans in accomplishing these goals.They give directions to other computer related workers e.g computer programmers, system analysts etc.They also aid in planning and coordinating activities like installation and upgrading of hardware and software,developing computer networks,implementation of internet and intranet sites and systems designing.They are involved with upkeep,security and mantainance of networks.They have a role in analyzing the computer and information needs of the organizations they work with from a strategic and operational persp[ective.Hence determining the longrange personnel and equipment requirements.Their duties also include assigning and reviewing their surbodinates work.They are also supposed to ensure that their organiza tions do not lag behind competitors. INFORMATION NEEDS End users of a system have different information needs depending on what he/she is trying to find,why she/he is trying to find and when she/he is trying to find the information.An example is the design of a staff directory,where there is an assumption that most users will be able to perfoam known item searching.Thet the user knows exactly what he is looking for,e.g Kerrys phone number.He has necessary terms to articulate the need,e.g he knows Kerrys second name is Brown and thats what he will search under.And finally he knows that that staff directory exists and that its the right place to look. Identification of information needs is important in designing an information system and to the provision of relative information services.For effective identification of information needs one has to identify the different methods for gathering information on various factors influencing those needs.A selection depending on the needs of the user is necessary.A step by step procedure is necessary in identifying information needs of most users.a careful analysis is to be made to distinguish the actual needs from the data gathered. The information needs identifierwill be able to discover, as a bye product, several ideas, tools, methods and techniques of satisfying the users in meeting their needs.At present,insufficient self sufficiency constitutes information needs. These information needs represent vacuums in the current knowledge of the enduser. Besides the expressed or articulated needs, there exists unexpressed needs which the user is aware of but will not like to express. The other category of need is the dormant need which the user is not aware of. But the information services provider might be able to bring to light these needs . A need is specific.It is generally time bound,either immediate or deferred.Information provided for a need will be used.Information provided may also be used or may not be used. Information needs depend on: Area of interest Hierarchical position of individuals work activity need to take a decision Availability of facilities. Need to seek new ideas Motivation factors for information needs Need to establish priority for recovery etc Information needs are also affected by a variety of factors including: The consequences of information Range of information sources available Background,professional,motivational orientation Uses of which information will be used. The social, political, economic, legal and regulatory systems surrounding the user Information needs identification is also somewhat a complex process. Some of the factors rendering it complex include: Original documents needed by researchers Individual preferences and behavioural aspects add a further dimension. Same information is perceived differently by users Information is put to different uses Need is satisfied by having access to the identified information in a particular package and form, and at a suitable time The flow of information and channels of communication are complex and add to the complexity The main steps in the process of identifying information needs is shown below: Studying the subject(s) of interest to the organization and or User(s Studying the organisation and its environs Studying the immediate environment of the User(s) Studying the User(s) Performing a formal interview Identifying and recording of the information needs Analysing and refining the identified information needs. Preparation for identifying information needs A very undefined situation is faced maybe only by the information professionals. They are unable to prescribe the required information to their clientele in the way the other professionals like physicians prescribe.Such prescriptions have a final say and authority, and which are embraced by the clients.Prescription is authoritative mainly because the clients of physicians and other professionals are seeking advice in a field which they themselves are ignorant of. But the clients of information professionals are more often specialists in the areas they seek information and professional advice. The main reason why there are difficulties experienced by the information professionals in distinguishing the wishes or the desires from the actual needs of the users . Therefore the information professional has to prepare himself/ herself in such a way as to create confidence in the users about his/ her professional capabilities. It will also be important if the investigation of information nee ds is to be successful, it is above all good to bear in mind that the person chosen to be the information needs identifier will need to be acceptable at all levels of users and have credibility. most guidelines in the form of a step by step procedure to identify information needs is presented incorporating the steps to be taken by the information system adentifier to equip himself/ herself for this investigative work. Study of subjects An information needs identifier must study the subjects of interest to the organization,users, and identify the central, peripheral and supporting areas.The result of such a study would produce a handbook on the subject to guide further work of identifying the information needs. This handbook is not a technical manual for technical personnel but a handy tool for the information professional. Such a handbook would present a birds eye view of the subject giving the following : Definitions of the subject concerned, collected from different authoritative sources bringing out the similarities and differences; scope of the subject giving definitions and scope of divisions and subdivisions; scope of the subjects that are tool subjects applicable to the subject concerned for its development; and scope of the subject in terms of the areas/subjects where the subject concerned is applied for their development. The different types of classification of the subject concerned including special subject classifications, taxonomic classifications, general document classifications, and vocabulary control tools such as thesaurus. The historical development of the subject giving the landmarks (significant contributions) under the broad divisions and subdivisions; the trend of research in the subject concerned as revealed in review documents marking out the broad areas in which current researches are in progress; and the trend of education and training in the subject concerne d. The important sources of information such as documentary sources , institutional sources and human sources; and the information transfer process among the users of information on the subject. After carrying out such a study of subject the Information Needs Identifier becomes confident enough to continue the work of identifying the information needs as he is exposed to the technical terminology and structure of the subject. Study the organization and its environment This is the second step in studying the organisation and its environment and preparing a profile for the organisation. Here, it is helpful for the information need identifier to know the type of the organisation for example, whether it is a corporate office, business or industrial enterprise and also differentiate whether it is public sector or private sector government or non government organisation, profit making or not for profit organisation, so as to identify the different types and styles of management and decision making processes which have a bearing on the information needs. As for this purpose, the information need identifier has to study the overall objectives, functions and the factors that affect the functions of the organisation concerned. Hence the organizations chart, the functions/ activities chart, annual reports, project reports, internal reports and other publications of the organisation would have to be studied. It will be of benefit to the information need ident ifier to attend special training courses/ orientation programmes usually organised for the benefit of new employees/ entrants/ management trainees by the organisation. The training courses are usually in the form of a series of lectures by senior personnel in the organisation spread over a period of three to six months. It would cover all subjects relating to the work of the organisation the basic scientific and technical background and detailed aspects of the engineering and technology of production. Further the participants would be taken to the different divisions of the organisation for observation and practical knowledge of the different items of work. Further, the environment in which the organisation works and its impact would have to be analysed. An information need identifier may have to study the super ordinate organisation, its objectives, functions etc., forming the environment and the factors that may affect the particular organisation concerned. Incase of a national organisation, then the countrys political, social, economical and technological environment having a bearing on the organisation as well as government regulatory environment would have to be taken note of. Study of the users specific environment At this point, it may be necessary to define in an ordely manner, the category of users whose information needs are to be identified. The Information need identifier must get himself well acquainted with the department of the individual user before conducting any actual interview with the user for the identification of his/her information needs. Most of the aspects to be covered in this study are: History of the concerned department, its objectives and functions. Organisational structure. Details of products and/ or processes of manufacture and/ or research. Details of plant, machinery, equipment, testing and other facilities. Scope of each discernible activity of the department. Information flow in the functioning of the department. Present sources of information and the channels and media used in the departments. Types of information services being used in the departments. Specific subjects on which information is being sought including type of information and kind of presentation required. Recent significant events and problems solved and the way they are solved including specific information used in solving the problems. Any other items of interest such as on going projects, training programmes etc., in the unit. Some of the sources that are to be studied for this purpose include the monthly/ quarterly/ annual reports by and on the department/ unit and its functions, minutes of meetings on and by the department/ unit, progress reports, project reports, all investigation/ review reports, performance reports, correspondence, proposals by and on the department, records of equipment, machinery and other facilities etc. It may be necessary for the INI to spend sufficient time in the users department to understand and acquaint himself with the working of the department, its organisational set up, the various activities etc., and thereby understand the situation in which the user is operating. This understanding will help the INI to easily correlate the users information needs in relation to his environment/ situation and enable the INI to grasp what the user is intending to communicate during any future interview with the user. Study of the user Users often tend to classify their wants/ interests into fragmented shopping lists, whereas their true needs may only be identified from a greater understanding of the user as a person . Therefore,emphasis should be placed on the basic needs of the individual as person . As such, it is essential that information need identifier should attempt to perceive the users problems as holistically as possible. If this is acceptable, then the expression of the information need ceases to be scientifically impersonal objective entity and becomes an expression which cannot be fully communicated apart from the user. Therefore, the next step, after the study of the users environment, is to study each of the individual users. Users are individuals. Nevertheless, in designing information systems, it is useful to classify groups of users. In relation to a specific existing or planned information facility, at least four different types of users can be distinguished .. Potential user; the one who needs information which might be provided by specific services of the information facility. Expected user; the one who is known to have the intent of using certain information services (subscriber to a specific information service such as an abstracting service). Actual User; the one who has actually used an information service regardless of whether any advantage was derived from it or not. Beneficiary; the one who derives measurable advantage from information services. Turning a potential user into an actual user and into a beneficiary should of course be the aim of planners, designers and operators of information systems. Users may be further classified into the following broad functional groups : Top Management which is responsible for policy making, strategic/ long range planning regarding mergers, acquisitions, capitals, new product lines. Scientists responsible for research, innovation, technical know how generation etc. Middle Management responsible for solving problems and making decisions required to fulfill the goals and implement policies set up by the top management. Supervisors responsible for ensuring that the products and services are produced on time, within the cost and quality level set. Operating Personnel / Technicians responsible for routine operations. Moreover, in an organisation setting, a user may play different specific work roles in performing his duties and in carrying out his functions and responsibilities. Some of the specific roles managers play, for instance include : Team Leader Liaison Monitor/ Controller Disseminator Spokesman Trouble shooter Resource allocator Resource Seeker Negotiator Decision Maker. Some of the communication activities of a manager and the percentage of events for each of the activities are given below: Receiving information, facts 27.8 % Receiving request for information, facts 8.0 % Receiving request for action 5.1 % Receiving request for approval 1.1 % Receiving opinion 0.7 % Receiving request for opinion 0.4 % Receiving applications for positions 0.4 % Receiving invitation 0.4 % Giving information, facts 12.1 % Giving opinions 0.7 % Giving instructions 0.7 % Seeking information, facts 9.2 % Requesting action 3.3 % Seeking opinion 0.4 % Checking and signing documents 6.6 % Circulating and moving documents 2.6 % Making notes and writing 1.5 % Interviewing 1.1 % Discussing interviewees 0.7 % Introducing speaker 0.4 % Participating in decision making 0.4 % Delaying response 0.4 % General discussion, meetings 12.8 % Complex events 1.8 % Others 1.5 % Further an individual may form a node in the following three directions of information flow in the organisation: Communicating down the line which is basically of five types : Giving job instructions and specific task directives. Job rationale information that is designed to produce understanding of the task and its relation to other organisational tasks. Information about organizational procedures and practices. Feedback to the subordinate about their performance. Indoctrination of goals information of an ideological character to inculcate a sense of mission. Communicating upward which may be reduced to what people say: about themselves, their performance and their problems; about others and their problems; about organisational policies and practices; and about what needs to be done and how. Horizontally communicating with colleagues in the same hierarchical level. A user, in his professional capacity, is in continuous interaction with: his culture that sets values and policies, and other influences and attitude. formal organisations such as his employing organization. invisible colleges, gate keepers as a type of reference group sufficiently distinguished by its membership criteria and communication patterns to warrant separate identification. the political system that can promote or inhibit activity and information flow. the legal and economic systems that impose legal and financial restraints on access to information. his work team, a sub system of the organisation that is distinguished because of interpersonal characteristics. himself, that is his cognitive system, motivations, attitudes etc formal information systems such as libraries and information centres. membership groups like professional societies that control information channels reference group made up of individuals having similar specialisation or interests but who are not necessarily in the same membership groups. Users who find themselves in such complex situations may have to be studied using a combination of various direct and indirect methods. Direct methods of user study are: Personal informal contacts with the user. Observing the user while at discussion with his colleagues; Survey using questionnaire Dialogue with the user while rendering information services to him/her Observing the user at his work spot (office, laboratory, factory, group meeting etc.) Interviewing the user, his supervisors, his subordinates, his personal secretary/assistant or his colleagues of co ordinate status. Observing the user while using information sources and services. Observing the user while giving a lecture/demonstration etc. Indirect methods include: Study of diary record of activities/ functions/ events maintained by the user. Study of citations received by the users publications Study of citations/ references given in the users publications Study of papers, books etc., published by the user Study of job description of the user Analysis of users response/ feedback to information services Analysis of reference queries received from the user Study of documents used by the user Analysis of the patents, designs etc., held by the user Scanning correspondence and reports prepared and received by the user Advantages of direct observation are that the information need identifier comes in direct and personal contact with the user in a dialogue, interview or discussion and that it provides an opportunity for observing the users in their normal environment. Therefore direct observation provides information on the personality and behaviour pattern of the user in different action situations. A disadvantage of the direct observation is that it so much depends on the observers own capability and adequacy in carrying out such observational studies. Inadequacies may come up in professional attainments, ability in communicating, maturity, tact and knowledge of and skill in carrying out an observational studies. It is also necessary to note that the inferences drawn from the observations may have incidence of subjective element of the observer. The analysis and inferences from indirect studies are based on the work done by the users which is based on serious thought on their part and is not merely some kind of off hand ad hoc statements.Therefore the records of users is adequate in providence of a more reliable indication of his/her subject interests, level of understanding, orientation, up to date in the subject and the skill to express ideas in writing for communication with peers. These studies also provide adequate time for analysis.The data collected is about a situation at a point in time and in a particular context which is to be extrapolated to a dynamic changing situation.Users are a living, developing beings, working in a system which itself is subjected to constant change.Few methods of study of users are discussed below: Preliminary survey of users. To begin with it is very useful to start with a survey of users.key attributes of a user may be grouped as follows: Subject interest Normal field of specialisation Specific topics of interest within the field of specialisation Subjects closely related to the above Academic background and orientation Educational background Professional background Background of research, developmental activity, management activity etc. Psychological attributes, particularly Temperament Reception and communication of ideas Attitudes towards professional team mates, colleagues, etc., in the organisation Ability to express ideas precisely Attitude to using and acquiring ability to use the tools and techniques of information services Specifically the information need identifier would need information about the user relating to the following : Foreign language competence. Types of reports both internal and external received and sent by the user Types of reports both internal and external which the user is not receiving but would like to receive Functions, activities, tasks (job description) and responsibilities (specific work roles) in the organisation; Authors and Corporate Bodies, whose works are of interest Education, training and special expertise. Membership in professional bodies Channels of communication between the user and other departments/ personnel of the organisation Outside organisations with which the user has academic or professional contacts Membership in committees, task groups Periodicals and other information services received through membership Subject and associated interests specific subjects, allied subjects Annual Reviews and other Series publications in which interested. Periodicals often containing articles of interest which are to be specifically notified Kinds of information media preferred by the user; Time most convenient to the user to receive information services Position of the user in the organization. Types of information notices/ services preferred by the user Approximate time available to the user in a day or week for reading Also information about the user may be obtained by a study of his/ her resume.Information need identifier should also carryout surveys using questionnaires for collecting such preliminary information about the users. He should fill up the questionnaire himself after following the steps of studying the subject, the organization, the specific department and the resume of the user. This would show some gaps in the resume and would help concentrate on information not available from it. A shortcoming with the questionnaire method is the low return rate. Study of Work Diary Maintained by the User Users may maintain a diary about their work for their own use. It records; important activities like filing of license applications, critical events and incidents comments on how improvement could be achieved in the organization discussions/ meetings with experts and / or with colleagues, for specific problems and their solution the consultants/ consultancy organisations preferred method of solution or probable reasons for non solution route of search for specific information, kinds of documents/ sources/ services/ channels/ media consulted and used and their usefulness procedures, techniques s/he has used and/ or has planned to use details of projects s/he is engaged in working details observations cases of problems faced results arrived at Some organisations it is mandatory that such a diary or record is maintained by each member of staff above a certain level as a part of the project routine, in a general prescribed form. Users to be studied should be asked to maintain a diary of all important events, cases of problems faced, method of solution, the specific information sources/ services/ channels/ media used and their usefulness. Also, they may be asked to record each and every event in the order of occurrence. Such a diary record, properly designed and carefully maintained can be a source of useful information on the specific topics of interest to the user.The methods and techniques s/he has used or planned to use in his work; the kinds of documents, information sources and services s/he uses extensively; the extent of time he normally spends in reading books, articles, reports etc., in discussion with colleagues, experts; and the kind of personal information services s/he prefers. Occassionally it may give some inf ormation on the persons in the organisation and outside it, with whom he usually associates himself with. Survey of information sources used The next step is to make a study of the different sources of information/ information services being used by the users. This aim of this study is to bring out the relevance of different types of sources/ services, the frequency of use, the availability/ accessibility of the s